A blend of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli supports pediatric respiratory and skin health
Achoo! Sniffle, snort! Scratch, scratch, scratch. Is allergy season here again? Or are we stuck in the dregs of cold and flu season? Wait, is there a season where kiddos aren’t dealing with some kind of infection or allergy? Could probiotics help?
The microbiome and children’s health
The past decade has seen a boom in research surrounding the importance of the microbiome, the collection of some 100 trillion organisms found on and in the body.[1] These bacteria, viruses, and fungi – found by far in highest concentrations in the digestive tract – are not only benign to us humans, but are in fact essential to our wellbeing. We now know that a healthy balance of microbes in the gut not only supports digestive health, but can also potentially benefit every major organ system, including the heart,[2] brain,[3] liver,[4],[5] kidneys,[6] bones,[7] and even the skin.[8] Imbalances in the microbiome – a state known as dysbiosis – are associated with a shocking array of diseases.[9],[10]
The microbiome’s influence on health has been studied in all age groups, resulting in the growing popularity of probiotic foods and supplements. Probiotics – or “good bacteria” – have been shown in numerous reviews to be safe and effective in people of various ages – infants included.[11],[12],[13],[14],[15] The efficacy of probiotics is perhaps unsurprising, as fermented foods and the lactobacilli and bifidobacteria they contain have been a part of the human diet for a long, long time.[16]
When combined with a bifidobacterium known as B. lactis UABla-12, L. acidophilus DDS®-1 has shown great promise in supporting the health of children – particularly so in children with eczema (atopic dermatitis)… and acute respiratory infections (ARIs) like the common cold.
A particular probiotic strain known as Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS®-1 has been found to have superior growth and stability, with a high tolerance to acidic environments such as those found in the digestive tract. This allows it to withstand degradation in the stomach and colonize in the intestines.[17] When combined with a bifidobacterium known as B. lactis UABla-12, L. acidophilus DDS®-1 has shown great promise in supporting the health of children – particularly so in children with eczema (atopic dermatitis), a condition which often worsens in the spring when other allergies also kick in,[18] and acute respiratory infections (ARIs) like the common cold.
Eczema (atopic dermatitis)
Understanding that the microbiome affects so much more than just the gut, researchers have been eager to better understand the role that probiotics and microbial ecology may play in alleviating symptoms of allergic conditions like eczema (or “atopic dermatitis,” as doctors call it).
In one noteworthy study, a combination of L. acidophilus DDS®-1 and B. lactis UABla-12 was assessed in children with eczema. In the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 90 children between the ages of one and three years old with moderate to severe eczema were given either the probiotic blend at a dosage of 5 billion colony-forming units (CFUs) twice daily or placebo.[19]
After eight weeks, the children receiving probiotics had on average a 33.7% decrease in their Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) scores from baseline, whereas their peers receiving placebo had an average decrease of only 19.4%. Those in the probiotic group also used an average of 7.7 fewer grams of steroid cream to manage their eczema symptoms over the course of the eight weeks than those in the placebo group. These improvements in symptom scores and steroid use were also correlated with positive changes in the numbers and types of immune cells found in the blood samples of the participants. (For you immunology buffs, the probiotic group experienced decreases in the percentage of CD4, decreases in the percentage and absolute count of CD25 lymphocytes, and significant increases in the absolute count of CD8 as compared to placebo.)
After eight weeks, the children receiving probiotics had on average a 33.7% decrease in their Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) scores from baseline, whereas their peers receiving placebo had an average decrease of only 19.4%.
The researchers suggest this shift in immune cell balance may positively help increase the numbers of T helper-1 (Th1) cells – the types of cells needed to fight off bacteria and viruses – while simultaneously decreasing the number of T helper-2 (Th2) cells – the cells that exacerbate allergic responses.[20],[21] Those with a history of atopic (allergic) conditions like eczema, asthma, and hay fever (allergic rhinitis) typically respond well to probiotics and other therapies that increase Th1, decrease Th2, or do both.[22] It’s likely for this same reason that other strains of lactobacilli have also been shown to help reduce the severity of eczema symptoms.[23],[24],[25]
By enhancing Th1, furthermore, probiotics can also help the body fight off bacterial and viral infections – such as those that cause upper respiratory infections (URIs).[26]
Acute respiratory infections
Understanding the Th1-boosting potential of this probiotic combination, researchers designed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to see if the same combination of L. acidophilus DDS®-1 and B. lactis UABla-12 could be of value in reducing the incidence and severity of acute respiratory infections (ARIs), such as the common cold. Two-hundred forty healthy children ages three to 12 years old were enrolled and randomized to receive 5 billion CFUs of the probiotic blend per day or placebo, with the treatment beginning on the first day of the appearance of illness in a member of the participant’s household.[27]
By the end of the study, 64 of 113 children in the probiotic group (57%) and 73 of 112 children in the control group (65%) developed ARIs – so the probiotic blend helped only somewhat in lowering ARI incidence. There was, however, a significant difference in the recovery time between the two groups – the children in the probiotic group missed seven days of daycare/school due to illness, whereas those taking placebo missed nine days (a 22% difference). Likewise, the caregivers of the children taking probiotics missed five days of work, whereas the parents of the children receiving placebo missed an entire week (a 28.5% difference).
Although other studies have also shown select probiotic strains to decrease the incidence of upper respiratory infections, L. acidophilus DDS®-1 may be particularly effective in the prevention and treatment of various infections due to its ability to produce acidophilin, a compound with natural anti-pathogenic potential.[28],[29]
L. acidophilus DDS®-1 may be particularly effective in the prevention and treatment of various infections due to its ability to produce acidophilin, a compound with natural anti-pathogenic potential.
It is possible that the therapy didn’t have a positive impact on of ARI incidence because it was only initiated when a member of the household already had an infection. By this time, the children were possibly already exposed to the infection as well. Oral probiotic therapies are often taken continuously for a period of several days to weeks before more systemic benefits are seen due to the time it takes to shift the microbial balance of the gut, and from this the immune system balance.
As with the eczema study, there were no clinically significant side events associated with the probiotic blend. Indeed, numerous studies have discovered no significant adverse effects associated with these or related strains.[30],[31],[32],[33]
Conclusion
From skin to the deeper organs, probiotic strains like L. acidophilus DDS®-1 and B. lactis UABla-12 have much to offer our kiddos come cold-and-flu season, allergy season, and beyond.
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